Donación de órganos en asistolia controlada tipo III de Maastricht en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos / Organ donation after circulatory determination of death (Maastricht type III donation) in a pediatric intensive care unit. A case report

Actualmente la actividad de donación es insuficiente para suplir las necesidades de trasplante de órganos de nuestra población. Este desequilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda de órganos humanos para trasplante ha condicionado la puesta en marcha de programas hospitalarios de donación en asistolia (DA) controlada tipo III de Maastricht. Los pacientes evaluables como potenciales donantes en asistolia tipo III son aquellos en los que dado su mal pronóstico vital se decide la retirada del tratamiento de soporte vital (RTSV) y fallecen tras el cese irreversible de la circulación y la respiración en un plazo de tiempo inferior a dos horas después de su aplicación, en ausencia de contraindicación médica y de oposición expresa a la donación. Aunque la principal fuente de obtención de órganos continúa siendo a partir de pacientes en muerte encefálica, la DA controlada ofrece otra posibilidad de obtener órganos (especialmente riñones) y tejidos. Ésta precisa de un equipo multidisciplinar y un proceso de donación técnicamente diferente, enmarcado siempre dentro de protocolos clínicos hospitalarios multidisciplinares vigentes avalados por la ONT y en nuestro caso la OCATT (Organització Catalana de Trasplantaments). A continuación presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente ingresada en nuestra UCI pediátrica en la que se realizó una RTSV debido a su situación catastrófica, y que resultó donante de órganos en asistolia tipo III de Maastricht. En nuestro conocimiento es el primer caso de DA tipo III en una UCI pediátrica en Cataluña

Currently, organ donation rates are insufficient to cover the transplant needs in our population. This has led to the design of a hospital program of organ donation after circulatory determination of death (Maastricht type III donation). Potential donors for this program are those whose vital support is decided to withdraw due to their very severe vital prognosis, given that there is not medical contraindication and the family is not opposed to the donation. These patients will die within 2 hours of withdrawing their ventilatory and circulatory support. Although the main source of organ recovery for transplantation must still be patients with brain death, organ donation after circulatory determination of death offers more chances for obtaining organs (especially kidneys) and tissues. This situation requires a multidisciplinary team, specific techniques and hospital guidelines and protocols for this donation process. This must be protocoled following the guidelines of the ONT (Organización Nacional de Trasplantes) and the OCATT (Organització Catalana de Trasplantaments). We report the case of a patient treated in the paediatric ICU for acute intracranial hypertension related to cerebral venous thrombosis in the setting of an acute middle ear infection. The severe clinical situation evolved to withdrawal of life support. She became donor as a type III in the Maastricht donor classification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of asystole donation in a paediatric ICU in Catalonia

Prevención de complicaciones en el transporte interhospitalario aéreo del paciente crítico pediátrico / Prevention of complications in the air transport of the critically ill pediatric patient between hospitals

OBJETIVOS: Analizar la tasa de complicaciones registradas durante el transporte después de aplicar los estándares de estabilización en el hospital emisor definidos por una unidad de transporte aérea de pacientes críticos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizan retrospectivamente los traslados efectuados por la unidad de nuestro hospital durante 5 años. Se clasifican en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria, con compromiso hemodinámico o con afectación neurológica. Se describen los estándares de estabilización y se cuantifican las intervenciones practicadas durante esta fase en el hospital y durante el traslado. Se definen y agrupan las complicaciones entre mayores y menores, y se cuantifican. RESULTADOS: Se trasladó a 388 pacientes. En el hospital emisor, 207 presentaron insuficiencia respiratoria, 124 trastornos neurológicos y 102 inestabilidad hemodinámica. Durante la estabilización, 295 pacientes precisaron oxígeno y 161 ventilación mecánica. Se colocaron 14 drenajes pleurales, 397 vías periféricas y 97 centrales. Se administraron vasoactivos en 92 ocasiones y anticomiciales en 41. Se practicaron 24 reanimación cardiopulmonar. Dos pacientes fallecieron antes del traslado, uno precisó cirugía. Durante el traslado, se registraron 20 complicaciones mayores (6 neurológicas, 13 hemodinámicas y 1 respiratoria) y 69 complicaciones menores (14 neurológicas, 29 hemodinámicas y 26 respiratorias). Un paciente falleció durante el transporte. CONCLUSIÓN: El cumplimiento de los estándares de estabilización definidos comportó un elevado intervencionismo durante la fase de preparación. En contrapartida, se registró un escaso número de complicaciones durante el transporte. El 5,1% de los pacientes presentó alguna complicación grave. Atribuimos esta baja tasa de complicaciones a la correcta estabilización realizada sobre la base de los estándares adoptados por el equipo

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the rate of complications recorded during patient transport after applying a stabilization protocol in the sending hospital, defined by a paediatric critical patients air transport unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the transfers made by the air unit of our hospital over a 5 years period. Patients with respiratory failure, hemodynamic compromise, or neurological involvement were identified. The stabilization protocol prior to transport is described. Operations performed during stabilization period, as well as during the transfer are quantified. Complications during transport are recorded and classified into major and minor ones. RESULTS: A total of 388 patients were transferred, of which 207 had respiratory failure, 124 neurological disorders, and 102 with hemodynamic instability. During the stabilization period, 295 patients required oxygen and 161 mechanical ventilation. A total of 14 pleural drains, 397 peripheral lines and 97 central lines were placed. Vasoactive drugs were administered on 92 occasions and anticonvulsants in 41. We have performed 24 cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and 2 patients died before the move, and one required surgery. Twenty major complications have been recorded during transfer (6 neurological, 13 hemodynamic, and 1 respiratory), and 69 minor complications (14 neurological, 29 hemodynamic and 26 respiratory). One patient died. CONCLUSION: Compliance with defined stabilization standards led to a high rate of interventions during the preparation phase. On the other hand, a small number of complications occurred during transport: only 5.1% of the patients showed any serious complication. This low rate of complications is attributable to a correct stabilization carried out prior to transfer, and based on the standards adopted by the team

[Prevention of complications in the air transport of the critically ill pediatric patient between hospitals]. / Prevención de complicaciones en el transporte interhospitalario aéreo del paciente crítico pediátrico.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the rate of complications recorded during patient transport after applying a stabilization protocol in the sending hospital, defined by a paediatric critical patients air transport unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the transfers made by the air unit of our hospital over a 5 years period. Patients with respiratory failure, hemodynamic compromise, or neurological involvement were identified. The stabilization protocol prior to transport is described. Operations performed during stabilization period, as well as during the transfer are quantified. Complications during transport are recorded and classified into major and minor ones. RESULTS: A total of 388 patients were transferred, of which 207 had respiratory failure, 124 neurological disorders, and 102 with hemodynamic instability. During the stabilization period, 295 patients required oxygen and 161 mechanical ventilation. A total of 14 pleural drains, 397 peripheral lines and 97 central lines were placed. Vasoactive drugs were administered on 92 occasions and anticonvulsants in 41. We have performed 24 cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and 2 patients died before the move, and one required surgery. Twenty major complications have been recorded during transfer (6 neurological, 13 hemodynamic, and 1 respiratory), and 69 minor complications (14 neurological, 29 hemodynamic and 26 respiratory). One patient died. CONCLUSION: Compliance with defined stabilization standards led to a high rate of interventions during the preparation phase. On the other hand, a small number of complications occurred during transport: only 5.1% of the patients showed any serious complication. This low rate of complications is attributable to a correct stabilization carried out prior to transfer, and based on the standards adopted by the team.